Chapter 90. Column Type Storage Requirements

The storage requirements for each of the column types supported by MySQL are listed by category.

Storage Requirements for Numeric Types

Column typeStorage required
TINYINT1 byte
SMALLINT2 bytes
MEDIUMINT3 bytes
INT4 bytes
INTEGER4 bytes
BIGINT8 bytes
FLOAT(X)4 if X <= 24 or 8 if 25 <= X <= 53
FLOAT4 bytes
DOUBLE8 bytes
DOUBLE PRECISION8 bytes
REAL8 bytes
DECIMAL(M,D)M+2 bytes if D > 0, M+1 bytes if D = 0 (D+2, if M < D)
NUMERIC(M,D)M+2 bytes if D > 0, M+1 bytes if D = 0 (D+2, if M < D)

Storage Requirements for Date and Time Types

Column typeStorage required
DATE3 bytes
DATETIME8 bytes
TIMESTAMP4 bytes
TIME3 bytes
YEAR1 byte

Storage Requirements for String Types

Column typeStorage required
CHAR(M)M bytes, 1 <= M <= 255
VARCHAR(M)L+1 bytes, where L <= M and 1 <= M <= 255
TINYBLOB, TINYTEXTL+1 bytes, where L < 2^8
BLOB, TEXTL+2 bytes, where L < 2^16
MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXTL+3 bytes, where L < 2^24
LONGBLOB, LONGTEXTL+4 bytes, where L < 2^32
ENUM('value1','value2',...)1 or 2 bytes, depending on the number of enumeration values (65535 values maximum)
SET('value1','value2',...)1, 2, 3, 4 or 8 bytes, depending on the number of set members (64 members maximum)

VARCHAR and the BLOB and TEXT types are variable-length types, for which the storage requirements depend on the actual length of column values (represented by L in the preceding table), rather than on the type's maximum possible size. For example, a VARCHAR(10) column can hold a string with a maximum length of 10 characters. The actual storage required is the length of the string (L), plus 1 byte to record the length of the string. For the string 'abcd', L is 4 and the storage requirement is 5 bytes.

The BLOB and TEXT types require 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes to record the length of the column value, depending on the maximum possible length of the type. See BLOB.

If a table includes any variable-length column types, the record format will also be variable-length. Note that when a table is created, MySQL may, under certain conditions, change a column from a variable-length type to a fixed-length type, or vice-versa. See Silent column changes.

The size of an ENUM object is determined by the number of different enumeration values. One byte is used for enumerations with up to 255 possible values. Two bytes are used for enumerations with up to 65535 values. See ENUM.

The size of a SET object is determined by the number of different set members. If the set size is N, the object occupies (N+7)/8 bytes, rounded up to 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 bytes. A SET can have a maximum of 64 members. See SET.

The maximum size of a row in a MyISAM table is 65534 bytes. Each BLOB and TEXT column accounts for only 5-9 bytes toward this size.